Multilingual_en

Items

• Nihon Hidankyo
  https://nobelprize.museum.link/s/multilingual-en/item/38881
• Han Kang
  https://nobelprize.museum.link/s/multilingual-en/item/38880
• Gary Ruvkun
  https://nobelprize.museum.link/s/multilingual-en/item/38879
• Victor Ambros
  https://nobelprize.museum.link/s/multilingual-en/item/38879
• John Jumper
  https://nobelprize.museum.link/s/multilingual-en/item/38878
• Demis Hassabis
  https://nobelprize.museum.link/s/multilingual-en/item/38878
• David Baker
  https://nobelprize.museum.link/s/multilingual-en/item/38878
• Geoffrey Hinton
  https://nobelprize.museum.link/s/multilingual-en/item/38877
• John J. Hopfield
  https://nobelprize.museum.link/s/multilingual-en/item/38877
• Sveriges Riksbanks pris i ekonomisk vetenskap till Alfred Nobels minne 2024
• Nobels fredspris 2024
• Nobelpriset i litteratur 2024
• Nobelpriset i medicin 2024
• Nobelpriset i kemi 2024
• Nobelpriset i fysik 2024
• Skyddsutrustning
  Skyddsutrustning som denna används av personal för Läkare utan gränser i samband med utbrott av den smittsamma och mycket farliga sjukdomen ebola. Eboladräkten består av skyddsglasögon, munskydd, skyddsdräkt, dubbla uppsättningar plasthandskar, plastförkläde samt gummistövlar. Läkare utan gränser rekryterar både medicinsk och icke-medicinsk personal till sitt humanitära arbete i kriser och katastrofer världen över. Vid utbrott av smittsamma sjukdomar arbetar Läkare utan gränser för att snabbt ge tillgång till vård, läkemedel och vaccinationer. Det krävs också ofta omfattande logistikinsatser. Detta kan omfatta allt från att öppna tillfälliga vårdinrättningar för att behandla och isolera patienter till att förbättra rutiner för smittskydd, vatten och sanitet för att förhindra att sjukdomen sprids inom vården och i lokalsamhället. Det hittills största utbrottet av ebola inträffade i Västafrika 2014–2016. Det ledde också till Läkare utan gränsers dittills största insats. Sedan 2018 har Kongo-Kinshasa drabbats av flera utbrott, bland annat i den konfliktdrabbade provinsen Nordkivu, och 2022 drabbades Uganda av ett ebolautbrott. Genom medicinsk forskning har möjligheterna att bekämpa sjukdomen förbättrats genom utveckling av vaccin mot sjukdomen. Skyddsutrustningen donerades till Nobelprismuseet av Läkare utan gränser 2024.
• Väst
  Västar som denna används av personal som arbetar för FN:s World Food Programme (WFP) i olika delar av världen. Västen markerar att den som bär den är ute i goda syften, vill ge hjälp och går att lita på. I områden där det råder konflikt visar västen att den som bär den tillhör en neutral part. Västen donerades till Nobelprismuseet av World Food Programme 2025.
• Brev om upplevelser under Nobelveckan
  I detta brev ges en inblick i en Nobelpristagares besök i Stockholm under Nobelveckan. Brevet sändes i januari 1978 av den nyblivne fysikpristagaren John Van Vleck och hans hustru Abigail till vännen Marjorie Cary. De berättade att de på grund av sin resa till Europa inte haft tid att sända några julkort i december. I stället valde de att skriva ett längre brev där de berättade om sina upplevelser före och under resan. Här berättas om svårigheter att hitta rätt kläder, intensiv mediauppmärksamhet, och välplanerade arrangemang i ett program som förutom prisutdelning och bankett omfattade föreläsningar, mottagningar, middagar samt Luciatåg. Likadana brev sändes till ett flertal vänner och bekanta, men ett par tillägg om olika flygbolag i detta brev beror på att mottagaren Marjorie Cary arbetade på ett flygbolag. Brevet donerades till Nobelprismuseet av Marjorie Morrissey, syskonbarn till Marjorie Cary, 2024.
• Valsedlar från valet i Sydafrika 1994
  Valsedlar från det sydafrikanska valet 1994 markerar övergången till demokrati för alla landets medborgare, oavsett hudfärg. På valsedlarna syns Nelson Mandela, som varit ledande i kampen mot rasåtskillnadssystemet apartheid, och den sittande presidenten F.W. de Klerk, som 1990 fattat beslutet att frige Mandela efter 27 år i fängelse. Valet slutade med seger för ANC, partiet som Mandela tillhörde, och denne utsågs till president. Valsedlarna förvärvades av Nobelprismuseet 2024.
• Apparatur
  This apparatus is the measurement-related part of the setup used in Ferenc Krausz' experiments with attosecond laser pulses. The pulses are generated through interactions between laser light and electrons. A spherical double mirror is used to focus the laser beam at a nozzle that emits a ray of crypton atoms. A spectrometer is used to measure the distribution of kinetic energy of electrons that the laser light has released from the crypton atoms. The duration of the laser pulses can be determined by analysing the kinetic energy of the electrons and the displacements in different sections of the laser beam. Ferenc Krausz donated this apparatus to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2024.
• Schackspel och protokoll
  Vid detta schackspel tillbringade Herbert Simon mycket tid. Spelets väldefinierade regler, men enorma rikedom av scenarier och strategier, hade också beröringspunkter med hans forskning i ekonomi och psykologi. Kan mänskligt tänkande översättas till rutiner som en maskin kan utföra? Redan på 1950-talet arbetade han med artificiell intelligens (AI) och utvecklingen av ett schackprogram. Schackspelet och protokollen donerades till Nobelprismuseet av Herbert Simons efterlevande 2003.
• Pincett, mynt och pipett
  En pincett, ett mynt, och en glaspipett blev genom John Gurdons uppfinningsrikedom ett avgörande redskap i hans forskning om stamceller. Med hjälp av redskapet och känsliga fingrar lyckades han ersätta cellkärnan i ett befruktat grodägg med cellkärnan från en mogen cell hos ett grodyngel. Detta ledde till det första skapandet av en genetisk kopia, en klon, av en högre organism. John Gurdon donerade pipetterna till Nobelprismuseet 2012.
• Pipetter
  Det första Shinya Yamanaka köpte när han fick leda sitt eget laboratorium var pipetter. Pipetterna är av en typ som är mycket vanliga i laboratorier över hela världen. Yamanaka använde dem flitigt i arbetet med att skapa "pluripotenta stamceller". Detta bygger på att en mogen cell i vår kropp kan omvandlas till en stamcell som i sin tur kan omvandlas till en cell av vilken typ som helst i kroppen. Shinya Yamanaka donerade pipetterna till Nobelprismuseet 2012.
• Hornantenn
  This horn antenna was intended for the COBE satellite, which was used to measure cosmic background radiation. The antenna was presented to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2006 by George Smoot and NASA.
• Apparatur
  Med denna uppställning ville Ahmed Zewail visa principen för sin metod att med hjälp av laserteknik studera kemiska reaktioner. Hur kemiska reaktioner går till i detalj är svårt att studera eftersom de går oerhört fort – de utspelar sig under några femtosekunder. En femtosekund förhåller sig till en sekund som en sekund förhåller sig till 32 miljoner år. Zewail sade att hans teknik är ungefär som om man gjorde en 32 miljoner år lång film och sedan kunde titta på den sekund för sekund – ”en femtofilm”! Apparaturen är installerad efter anvisningar ursprungligen givna av Ahmed Zewail.
• Lithium ion batteries
  These copies of batteries reflect the development of lithium-ion batteries. Akira Yoshino played a pivotal role in this development. The cylindrical battery, from 1985–1986, was the first lithium-ion battery that was produced for user evaluation. The battery had a cathode of LiCoO2, and a carbon anode. The prismatic battery is a lithium-ion battery for mobile phones from 2000–2010. The thin battery is a laminate battery for a smartphone from 2019. Akira Yoshino donated the lithium-ion batteries to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2019.
• Molekylmodeller
  These are models of two types of molecular machines: they are composed of interlinked molecules that can rotate in relation to each other. The model with two interlinked rings represents two catenane molecules. The model with a ring on an axle represents a rotaxane molecule. The colours represent different electric charges. These determine the motion of the different parts can move in relation to one another. Fraser Stoddart used the models to explain his research results. The models were made at Sheffield University, and Stoddart has had them with him throughout his career at various universities. Fraser Stoddart donated the models to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2016.
• Hattar
  In certain situations in the past, Wole Soyinka used hats to hide his characteristic bushy hair when he wanted to avoid being recognised. This is how Soyinka describes these two hats: Peripeteia (from the Hunter to the Hunted) Floppy Hat Peripeteia is the Greek expression (used especially in drama) for a reversal of fortunes. At home, my favourite form of relaxation is hunting, and I wore the faded khaki hat when I undertook my final hunt in Nigeria in November 1994, ‘got lost’ in the forest and surfaced in the neighbouring Republic of Benin – a fugitive from the dictatorship of Sanni Abacha. Later – on my exile circuit in African countries, Europe, the US etc – the hat was pressed into service as part of a prudent disguise as I continued to evade the dictator’s rather persistent agents – my head of hair being the most obvious giveaway. Yoruba Cap The black Yoruba cap was part of my formal attire – mostly retained in my hand - when I received the Nobel Prize in 1986. It surfaced again among the wardrobe which joined me later in exile, so I added it to the other head camouflage. (I still wear a headgear on occasion, despite the end of the dictatorship, but only to enjoy some anonymity). While working on a project of the International Parliament of Writers, the setting up of a network of Cities of Asylum for persecuted writers, I received a complimentary ticket of a $1000 (!!!) ringside seat for a boxing match from a casino-hotelier-cum-bibliophile who was once an aspiring writer. He had spearheaded the creation of the first such city in the United States in – of all places! – Las Vegas! Again, I wore this very cap – to avoid easy recognition. After this novel and extravagant addition to its mixed fortunes, what else is left but to retire the cap, in grand style, from active service! Wole Soyinka Wole Soyinka donated the hats to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2000.
• Spektrum
  These spectra carry information about a chemical compound that Richard Schrock produced in 1973. The spectra are produced with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), a method where radio waves are used to map molecular structure and composition. This chemical compound was a decisive step in the development of new ways of assembling organic molecules. Schrock’s methods amounted to facilitating metathesis. This means that the double bonds between carbon atoms are broken and reorganised at the same time as atomic groups change place. Richard Schrock donated the spectra to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2018.
• Barometer och vetenskaplig publikation
  Med en liten barometer och en vetenskaplig publikation från 1913 uppmärksammar Peter Ratcliffe en viktig vetenskaplig föregångare. Mabel Purefoy Fitzgerald, en kvinnlig pionjär inom vetenskapen, deltog i John Scott Haldanes expedition till Pike’s Peak i Colorado för att studera förändringar i kroppen på hög höjd. Hon var den första som påvisade att mängden hemoglobin i kroppen ökar när syrenivåerna sjunker, vilket de gör på hög höjd. Barometern användes för att mäta lufttrycket under experimenten. Ratcliffes egen forskning har klarlagt den molekylärbiologiska mekanism som ligger bakom Purefoy Fitzgeralds upptäckt. Efter förfrågan från Peter Ratcliffe donerades barometern till Nobelprismuseet av David Paterson 2019.
• Prov och provhållare
  Två prov och en hållare som hållit proven på plats i apparaturen har använts i experiment av William E. Moerner. Experimenten ledde till utvecklingen av mikroskop med detaljnivåer som tidigare varit omöjliga. William E. Moerner donerade proven och provhållaren till Nobelprismuseet 2014.
• Filterhållare och filterpapper
  This filter manifold and this filtration paper were used by Robert Lefkowitz and Brian Kobilka in their studies of cell surface receptors. To study the receptors, they developed radioligand binding methods. After incubating membrane fractions from tissue with radioactively labelled ligands, they would pass them through small glass fibre filter discs which captured the membranes and let everything else pass through. In the filtration manifold could hold twelve filters. The filters were then washed, the radioactivity measured and the receptors found. Robert Lefkowitz donated the filter manifold and the filtration paper to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2012.
• Cassette and tweezers
  The cassette and tweezers were used by Brian Kobilka in his research on “beta-adrenergic receptors” on the surface of our cells. These receptors are sensitive to the hormone adrenaline and transmit signals into our cells via G proteins. To map the structure of the molecular complex that these receptors form with G proteins, Kobilka and his colleagues used electron microscopy. Samples of the molecular complex were placed inside this pill-like cassette, which was inserted into the electron microscope using tweezers. Brian Kobilka donated the cassette and tweezers to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2012.
• Brev från Donald Cram
  In a 1939 illustrated letter to his fiancée, Jean Turner, 20-year-old Donald Cram writes that he is thinking of giving up his chemistry studies in favour of drawing. Cram was working that summer for the National Biscuit Company (NABISCO), selling crackers to stores in New York. The job was demanding, and the drawings in the letter illustrate a scene in which Cram trips on the pavement and all the crackers fly in the air while his boss looks on. During a couple of following summers, he worked as a chemist in NABISCO’s laboratory. And his career as a chemist was destined to continue. The letters were donated to the Nobel Prize Museum by Jean Turner Trueblood’s family in 2017.
• Böcker
  William Campbell’s paintings and poetry have resulted in books that he sees as an expression of the relationship between work and play. As a child, Campbell loved writing and painting. He had no knowledge of science before the age of thirteen but later developed an interest in medical research. Until he was in his 50s, he focused entirely on research, but then he began to paint again. His subject matter is associated with his work— parasites often feature in his paintings. Campbell also writes poetry. His poems also often have scientific connections and have been used in teaching, both by himself and others. William Campbell donated the books to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2015.
• Läkarinstrument
  These instruments were used by Robert Bárány in his work as a physician and researcher. His most important scientific contribution concern the construction and function of the inner ear. During the First World War, Bárány was a volunteer surgeon in the Austrian army on the Eastern Front. He was a prisoner of war in Russia in1915, when it was announced that he had won the 1914 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Thanks to negotiations headed by Sweden’s Prince Carl on behalf of the Red Cross, he was released in 1916. After receiving the Nobel Prize, Bárány remained in Sweden. From 1917 he worked at Uppsala University. The instruments were donated to the Nobel Prize Museum by the Bárány family in 2007.
• Provrör och ampull
  This test tube contains a solution with antibodies from mice that neutralise the CTLA-4 protein. James Allison discovered that the antibody can make the immune system more responsive so it can neutralise cancer tumours. After the discovery, a corresponding antibody was found in humans. Based on the results, a pharmaceutical could then be developed to treat some types of cancer. The vial contains this drug. James Allison donated the test tube and the vial to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2018.
• Oftalmoskop
  Instrumentet, ett oftalmoskop, användes av Torsten Wiesel och David Hubel i deras tidiga forskning om hur ljus som träffar näthinnan i ögat omvandlas till nervsignaler som i hjärnan blir till synintryck. Oftalmoskopet utvecklades av Stephen Kuffler och S.A. Talbot vid början av 1950-talet. När Wiesel som ung forskare kom till Johns Hopkins University blev Kuffler hans mentor. För Wiesel symboliserar instrumentet mentorskapets betydelse i vetenskapen. Han använde det bara några månader omkring 1958, men det följde ändå med honom i hans senare forskarliv. Ett oftalmoskop ger möjlighet att belysa och observera ögonbotten. Detta oftalmoskop ger också möjlighet att stimulera ögonbotten med olika mönster. Wiesel och Hubel använde katter i sina experiment. Kattens huvud och ögon fixerades under det ringformade stativet och ögonbotten kunde sedan stimuleras och observeras med hjälp av optiska instrument på tvärslån över det ringformade stativet. Aktiviteten i nervcellerna mättes med hjälp av små elektroder. Efter sina första studier övergick Wiesel och Hubel till att projicera mönster på ögonbotten på andra sätt än med detta oftalmoskop. Torsten Wiesel donerade oftalmoskopet till Nobelprismuseet i samband med sin 100-årsdag i juni 2024.
• Armbindel
  This armband was used by personnel in the British Royal Army Medical Corps during the First World War. The use of a red cross on a white background as a symbol of neutrality and protection in armed conflict was established in the first Geneva Convention in 1864. The convention regulates the rights and protection of wartime prisoners, civilians and military personnel. The background to the convention is Henry Dunant's founding of the international Red Cross movement in 1863. The Red Cross emblem has since that time been the distinctive mark of Red Cross personnel and the medical services of the armed forces. The armband was acquired by the Nobel Prize Museum in 2023.
• Keps
  Efter Nobelprisbeskedet 2021 lät Ardem Patapoutian och hans medarbetare tillverka kepsar till dem som varit delaktiga i arbetet. På kepsen syns molekylstrukturen för de piezo-kanaler upptäckten gällde. Piezokanaler finns i celler som känner av tryck. I årtalet 2021 är ettan utformad som en dynamitpatron, som en referens till Alfred Nobel. Ardem Patapoutian donerade kepsen till Nobelprismuseet 2023.
• Magnifying glass
  In the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences' popular information of Claudia Goldin's research, she was depicted as a detective with a magnifying glass. Her research on differences between men and women in terms of wages and employment rates is based on extensive archival studies. Goldin thought the image of her as a detective was apt and had a magnifying glass made with her name on it. Claudia Goldin donated the magnifying glass to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2023.
• Tavlor
  These pictures were made by Narges Mohammadi in 2023 in Evin Prison, where she was previously held. She was transferred back to Evin in 2022 after periods of freedom and after having been held in other prisons: “My return to Evin was strange, nostalgic and simultaneously exciting. The whole prison was familiar and full of memories to me. I went to the mosaic workshop and sat right in the same chair as I was sitting eight years ago, holding the little saw and picking up the wood and smelling it. I said myself I'd fly the same bird that was seeking peace eight years ago.‌ And I sent these two birds into peace with an olive branch on the beak. The birds have now arrived at the Nobel Prize Museum. Well done.” Narges Mohammadi donated the pictures to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2023.
• Armband
  This bracelet was weaved as a gift to Narges Mohammadi by her fellow prisoner Sedigheh Moradi. The first time Mohammadi saw Moradi in 2012, she suspected that Moradi had been in prison for a long time. This proved true. When Moradi shared her story, she revealed that she had lived most of her life in prison. She and many of her friends had been arrested and imprisoned in the 1980s. It was then that she came to know Mohammadi’s husband, Taghi Rahmani, whose name is on the bracelet. He is also a human rights activist and has been imprisoned periodically. Narges Mohammadi donated the bracelet to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2023.
• Docka
  This doll was given to Narges Mohammadi by a women, who was her cellmate between 2015 and 2017. The woman was a member of a spiritual group led by her husband. The husband treated her badly, and she was followed by the regime’s security service. Her husband was arrested and executed. She was also sentenced to death. In 2017, she was transferred to another prison where she spent months in solitary confinement and was badly injured. She sent this doll to Narges Mohammadi with the help of another prisoner who was being transferred: “Every time I saw this suspended doll, I was reminded of my dear cellmate, who was suspended under the patriarchal religious tyranny at home, in society, and in prison, awaiting her death sentence.” Narges Mohammadi donated the doll to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2023.
• Pappersfågel
  This paper bird is a birthday present to Narges Mohammadi from her fellow prisoner Nazanin Zagari, who made it together with her daughter, Gisu, in the visitor’s room in 2018. At the time, Zagari had been in prison for just over two years and each Monday Gisu would visit together with her grandmother. When Mohammadi was transferred to the prison in Zanjan, her mementos remained in Evin Prison. After she was released in 2020, she was surprised to be given these back, when another prisoner on leave was allowed to bring them to her. Narges Mohammadi donated the paper bird to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2023.
• Glasses strap
  Narges Mohammadi’s fellow prisoner Golrokh Iraee made Mohammadi this strap for her glasses in 2017. Mohammadi would hide her glasses in different places since she lacked a strap to hold them around her neck. Iraee made the strap from a piece of leather that was left over from her work. The strap wasn’t long enough to reach around her frizzy hair and hung from her hair instead of her neck. Her fellow prisoners thought it humorous and one, Atena Daemi, would imitate Mohammadi often. Narges Mohammadi donated the glasses strap to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2023.
• Manuskript
  Anteckningsböckerna innehåller det första utkastet till en ännu inte utgiven roman med titeln "Vaim" av Jon Fosse. Titeln är ett fiktivt ortsnamn och boken är planerad att ges ut 2025. I början av sitt författarskap skrev Fosse sina manuskript på skrivmaskin, men han har sedan övergått till att först skriva hela boken för hand med bläck med olika färger och därefter skriva in och bearbeta manuskriptet på dator. Manuskriptet till Vaim är nu inskrivet på dator och Fosse har därför kunnat donera anteckningsböckerna till Nobelprismuseet. Jon Fosse donerade manuskriptet till Nobelprismuseet 2023.
• Pipett
  Katalin Karikó believes that she has been her most used tool in her research career. It is used to draw small amounts of liquids. This particular pipette, marked with a piece of tape, is her favourite. She used it for about 10 years from the early 2000s. She sees it as a symbol of her research findings that set the stage for the mRNA vaccine. Katalin Karikó donated the pipette to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2023.
• Kopia av kopieringsmaskin
  Drew Weissman’s and Katalin Karikó’s collaboration began at a copying machine. They were both avid readers of scientific articles that they photocopied from journals. Weissman was researching immunology and Karikó mRNA, but since there was only one copying machine, it became their meeting point and where they began discussing their research. These discussions led to a collaboration that laid the groundwork for mRNA vaccines. Weissman had this 3D printed copy of a copying machine made to celebrate the inspiration of their collaboration. Drew Weissman donated the copying machine to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2023.
• Räknesticka
  Louis Brus purchased this slide rule during his studies at Rice University in Houston, Texas in the early 1960s. Later, he replaced the slide rule with pocket calculators and computers. Louis Brus donated the slide rule to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2023.