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Items

• Magnifying glass
  A magnifying glass is often found on a researcher's workbench. This particular magnifying glass often lay on the writing desk of Arne Tiselius. What did he use it for? Probably for a variety of purposes. Perhaps it was used to examine chemical samples or details of his laboratory equipment. Or to examine diagrams generated by the electrophoresis analytical method Tiselius developed. The magnifying glass was donated to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2009 by Birger Drake, a former colleague of Arne Tiselius.
• Venini vase
  Nelly Sachs gave this Venini vase to artist Lenke Rothman some time between 1951 and 1957. Small, beautiful things gave Nelly Sachs comfort and inspiration in her work. Sachs was born into a Jewish family in Berlin and lived there until she fled Nazi persecution on the last passenger flight out in 1940. Sweden and a Stockholm apartment furnished with books and trinkets became her new home. The vase was donated to the Nobel Prize Museum by Lenke Rothman in 2006.
• Letter from Albert Einstein to his sons
  The announcement that Albert Einstein had been awarded the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physics came as no surprise to him. Following his divorce from Mileva Maric in 1919, Einstein had promised that he would give her and their two sons his prize money if he was awarded the Nobel Prize. In this letter written by Einstein to his two sons in 1924, he mentions one of the uses to which they put the prize money: a house.
• Sample jar
  It was long thought that stress was the main cause of gastric ulcers. Barry Marshall had a different theory. He suspected a bacterium, Helicobacter pylori, that colleague Robin Warren had discovered in peptic ulcer patients. He was unable to prove it, however, and his theory met with resistance. Facing such opposition, Marshall decided to experiment on himself. After drinking Helicobacter pylori in a broth solution from the sample jar seen here, he contracted a serious infection. This proved his theory to be correct. Barry Marshall donated the sample jar to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2005.
• Necktie
  This necktie, which belonged to Barry Marshall is printed with the Helicobacter pylori bacteria. Marshall and Robin Warren discovered that this is the bacteria that causes stomach ulcers. They were rewarded with the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2005 for this discovery, which was a major breakthrough in the treatment of ulcers. Barry Marshall donated the tie to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2005. Barry Marshall donated the tie to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2005.
• Comic book
  I serietidningen berättas historien om hur Barry Marshall upptäckte att magsår orsakas av en bakterie. Han bevisade sin hypotes genom att dricka en bakterielösning. Tidningen togs fram av läkemedelsföretaget Abbott, som tillverkade det vanligaste läkemedlet mot magsår. Barry Marshall donerade serietidningen till Nobelprismuseet 2005.
• Hans von Euler-Chelpin's Nobel Prize medal
  This Nobel Prize medal belonged to Hans von Euler-Chelpin, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1929 for his studies of the fermentation of sugars. He shared the prize with Arthur Harden. Hans von Euler-Chelpin was born in Germany, where he embarked on a career in science. He moved to Sweden as a young scientist and became a professor at Stockholm University in 1906. He held a key position in biochemistry and was a member of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry in 1929–1946. von Euler became a Swedish citizen in 1902 but retained his German citizenship and was an officer in the German artillery and air force during the First World War. When the Nazis took over, and during the Second World War, he assisted the Nazi regime. He was an active member of pro-Nazi Swedish-German organisations and had connections high up in Nazi Germany. The medal was donated to the Nobel Prize Museum by Hans von Euler's family in 2005.
• Glasses
  Glasses are commonly found among the personal possessions of Nobel Prize laureates. These glasses belonged to John Eccles. The glasses were donated to the Nobel Prize Museum by John Eccles’ family in 2004.
• Briefcase
  This briefcase must certainly have accompanied John Eccles on some of his many trips to meet with colleagues around the world. Eccles was originally from Australia, although he lived for long periods in England, New Zealand, and the US. His last years werespent in Switzerland. Attached to the briefcase is a card from a Swiss airline. The briefcase was donated the to the Nobel Prize Museum by John Eccles’ family in 2004.
• Meny från middag för Elfriede Jelinek
  Menyn kommer från en middag, som ordnades i samband med att Nobelprismedalj och diplom överlämnades till Elfriede Jelinek litteraturpristagare 2004. Middagen ägde rum den 17 december 2004 på restaurangen "Zum schwarzen Kameel" i Jelineks hemstad Wien. På grund av social fobi hade Jelinek nämligen inte kunnat närvara vid Nobelprisutdelningen och banketten i Stockholm. Vid middagen närvarade Elfriede Jelinek, Svenska Akademiens ständige sekreterare Horace Engdahl och ordföranden i akademiens Nobelkommitté Kjell Espmark. Menyn donerades till Nobelprismuseet av Kjell Espmark 2004.
• Notebooks
  These books contain two notes that are associated with astonishing observations and great joy for Douglas Osheroff. As a doctoral student, Osheroff was working on experiments where the isotope helium-3 was cooled to very low temperatures. On 29 November 1971 at 10:05 pm, he noted that the cooling rate suddenly at one point fell to one third. Osheroff and his supervisors David Lee and Robert Richardson realised that they were onto something important, but they weren't sure exactly what. On 20 April 1972, at 2:40 am, Osheroff jotted down a new observation. He had found the explanation for the phenomenon: helium-3 could become super fluid. “It was an exciting moment. There was absolutely nobody else in the entire building to share my discovery with. So, I waited an hour, until I couldn’t stand it any longer, and then I called my advisers.” The discovery earned Osheroff, Lee and Richardson the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physics. Douglas Osheroff donated the notebooks to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2004.
• Telephone
  In the 20th century, the telephone became an increasingly important way to keep in touch with colleagues. This phone belonged to Gunnar Myrdal, who had a wide network as a researcher and politician. In 1933, he became professor of economics, and the following year a member of the Swedish parliament for the Social Democrats. Myrdal also worked internationally. He spent the years before and after the Second World War in the U.S., writing such works as the highly-acclaimed An American Dilemma, a study of race relations and the conditions of the African American population. He also received assignments from the United Nations. Myrdal's analyses focused not just on economic factors. He also wove in historical, social, political, and other aspects. In the latter part of his life, he became committed to fighting the unequal distribution of global resources between rich and poor countries. The telephone was donated to the Nobel Prize Museum by the Myrdal family in 2004.
• Cap
  This cap belonged to Herbert Simon. It is Chinese and was worn by Simon i China and the U.S. The cap were donated to the Nobel Prize Museum by Herbert Simon’s family in 2003.
• Pocket calculator
  A pocket calculator can be associated an analytical and deeply reasoning mind. Herbert Simon, who used this calculator for many years, had that, but was very versatile and also partly had a different view of man. In Simon's day, established economic theories were based on the notion that all businesses and entrepreneurs acted in a strictly rational manner, with their own profit maximization as their only goal. Simon believed that people's choices diverge from the strictly rational, and he described businesses as adaptable systems with physical, personal, and social elements. Adopting this viewpoint, he was able to describe modern society's decision-making processes from a completely different perspective. The calculator was donated to the Nobel Prize Museum by Herbert Simon’s family in 2003.
• Portfolio with drawings
  These drawings were made by Herbert Simon, who had many interests apart from his economic research. He enjoyed travelling and hiking and often brought his sketch pad and charcoal along. The drawings were donated the to the Nobel Prize Museum by Herbert Simon’s family in 2004.
• Beret
  This beret is a Bakarra black wool felt beret worn by Herbert Simon in cold weather. When a beret wore out, he either bought a new one on his next trip abroad, or he ordered a new beret from the Bakarra Company. The beret was donated to the Nobel Prize Museum by Herbert Simon’s family in 2003.
• Silk scarf
  This silk scarf was worn by Herbert A. Simon on his way to the Nobel Prize award ceremony in December 1978. The scarf was donated to the Nobel Prize Museum by Herbert Simon’s family in 2003.
• Doctoral hat
  Herbert Simon received this doctoral hat when he was made an honorary doctor at Lund University in 1968. He also wore it to the Nobel Prize award ceremony and banquet in December 1978. The hat was donated to the Nobel Prize Museum by Herbert Simon’s family in 2003.
• Herbert Simon's economic sciences prize diploma
  Herbert Simon was awarded the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel in 1978. His diploma was designed by artist Sven Ljungberg. The artwork depicts a sunflower. The diploma was donated to the Nobel Prize Museum by Herbert Simon’s family in 2003.
• Herbert Simon's economic sciences medal
  This medal for the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was awarded to Herbert Simon in 1978. The medal was donated to the Nobel Prize Museum by Herbert Simon’s family in 2003.
• Research report
  In his 1963 research report, Herbert Kroemer developed a proposal for a heterostructure that works like a laser. Heterostructures entail that different semiconductor materials are placed in thin layers on top of each other, enabling characteristics that allow them to be used as electronic components. Kroemer’s proposal, which was made simultaneously and independently of a similar proposal from Zhores Alferov, was key to the development of semiconductor lasers, which became crucial in telecommunications and other fields. Herbert Kroemer donated the research report to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2003.
• Goniometer
  This device, a goniometer, was used by Roderick MacKinnon in his discovery of the structure of ion channels – an important part of our cells. A crystal is mounted on the pin. When the goniometer is turned, the crystal is irradiated with X-rays from different angles. Patterns from rays passing the crystal provide a key to the structure of the crystal. On New Year’s Eve 1998, Roderick MacKinnon was alone in the laboratory. All of his colleagues had left to celebrate the new year. Late that night, he saw the first image of an ion channel on his computer screen. Roderick MacKinnon donated the goniometer to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2003.
• Baseball cap
  This cap, which belonged to Roderick MacKinnon, has the logo of Rockefeller University, where he worked. Roderick MacKinnon donated the cap to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2003.
• Painting of a test of naval mines
  Tavlan visar en provsprängning av Immanuel Nobels undervattensminor omkring 1842. Nobel målade förmodligen tavlan på 1860-talet då han flyttat hem till Sverige efter drygt 20 år i Ryssland. På tavlan syns Nobel själv tillsammans med en rysk dignitär, förmodligen storfurst Michail Pavlovitj, yngre bror till tsar Nikolaj II. Undervattensminorna blev en stor framgång för Nobel. Han fick en stor belöning av tsaren och hans industriella verksamhet blomstrade. Tavlan förvärvades av Nobelprismuseet 2001.
• Photomultiplier
  This photomultiplier tube represents Masatoshi Koshiba's research at the Kamiokande and Super-Kamiokande facilities in Japan. These large facilities are located in a water-filled mine. More than 1,000 photomultiplier tubes were placed in the Super-Kamiokande. Neutrinos are elusive particles that can arise in nuclear reactions in the sun and during supernova explosions. Only one in a trillion neutrinos are stopped on their way through planet earth. When this happens, an electron is formed that generates a small flash of light. To prove the existence of neutrinos, Masatoshi Koshiba used photomultipliers like this one. The photomultiplier captured the flashes and amplified them so that they could be registered. Masatoshi Koshiba donated the photomultiplier to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2002.
• Mathematics textbooks
  Amartya Sen used these maths textbooks at school. They are in Hindi, even though this is not the most common language in West Bengal, where he grew up. Mathematics is important in economics, a field where Sen conducted groundbreaking studies. Amartya Sen donated the textbooks to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2001.
• Bicycle
  A bicycle is not the most commonly-used tool in economic science, but Amartya Sen's bicycle has had a special significance in his research. A large part of his work is concerned improving conditions for the most impoverished members of society. In a study on differences between infant girls and boys, he employed an assistant to weigh the children. Problems arose when the children did not want to be weighed and bit the assistant. The episode ended with Amartya Sen bicycling through the countryside of West Bengal to weigh the infants himself. Amartya Sen donated the calligraphy to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2001.
• Letters (facsimiles)
  In prison Kim Dae-jung was only allowed one sheet of paper per month. The letters to his wife Lee Hee-ho had to be written with small characters. Kim Dae-jung donated the facsimiles of the letters to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2001.
• Glasses
  These glasses belonged to Kim Dae-jung. Kim Dae-jung donated the glasses to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2001.
• Bible
  The Bible was a key source of energy for Kim Dae-jung. His struggle for democracy in South Korea led to attempts on his life, imprisonment and forced exile. Thanks to support from the South Korean people and democratic efforts around the world, he could keep on fighting. But his deep personal faith also gave him strength. In his Nobel Prize Lecture he said: “I have lived, and continue to live, in the belief that God is always with me.” Kim Dae-jung donated the bible to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2001.
• Walking stick
  This walking stick belonged to Kim Dae-jung. Kim Dae-jung donated the walking stick to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2001.
• Clothes worn in prison
  These clothes were worn by Kim Dae-jung during his time in prison. After being sentenced to death in 1981, Kim Dae-jung was sent to the Chungju prison. Visits from his family were restricted. Kim’s wife Lee Hee-ho knitted clothes and blankets to give more warmth than the prison uniform. The death sentence was later commuted, and he was allowed in 1982 to go into exile in the United States. Kim Dae-jung donated the prison clothes to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2001.
• Typewriter
  Joseph Brodsky used to always pack two portable typewriters on his travels, one for Latin characters and one with the Cyrillic alphabet. But he didn't need to think of that when he spent his summers in Sweden in 1988–1994, because the writer Bengt Jangfeldt let him borrow this typewriter with Cyrillic characters. Brodsky often had problems with machines with complicated features. That was one of the reasons why he never switched to computers, even though this would have enabled him to alternate freely between Latin and Cyrillic letters without having to drag two typewriters around with him. According to Bengt Jangfeldt, "the clatter of the typewriter and the imprint of black letters on white paper was a veritable holy process" for Brodsky. The typewriter was donated to the Nobel Prize Museum by Bengt Jangfeldt in 2023.
• Bracelet
  Kofi Annan’s bracelet has an ankh symbol, an Egyptian hieroglyphic symbol which has been interpreted as “the key to life”. The Copts – a Christian people of Egypt – retained the symbol in their depiction of the cross used in Christian churches. The ankh symbol reflects Kofi Annan's primary goal with his work on behalf of the United Nations: to save and improve people’s lives. He bought the bracelet when he was stationed in Cairo with the Sinai peace-keeping forces. In his book Interventions: A life in War and Peace, Annan describes his work in Egypt: “I had been sent to Egypt as chief administrative officer for civilian personnel serving in the peacekeeping operation that was under way. The UN Emergency Force in Egypt (known as UNEF II) was stationed to supervise the withdrawal of forces from the Sinai Peninsula after the 1973 Arab-Israeli War. The job of the force was to demarcate the cease-fire line between the Egyptians and Israelis, and reinforce both parties’ confidence in the other’s commitment to the ‘line in the sand.’ The mission was beset with complications, as all peacekeeping operations were, which affected my work every single day: there were administrative and logistical challenges arising from a force made up of multiple troop-contributing nations, including Finland, Sweden, Peru, Ireland, Canada, Poland, Panama, and others. This meant multiple lines of command and logistics chains, numerous languages, clashes in military and administrative cultures, and irregular fluctuations in the size of the force, as different countries provided and withdrew troops at different times.” Kofi Annan donated the bracelet to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2010.
• Micrographs of crystals
  These micrographs of crystals show substances closely related to pepsin and chymotrypsin, enzymes that are active in digestion. John Northrop managed in 1929 to produce a pure crystal form of these enzymes. His studies revealed that they are proteins. The photographs were donated to the Nobel Prize Museum by the Northrop family in 2009.
• Passport
  This passport was issued to John Northrop for his trip to Sweden in December 1946 to attend Nobel Prize award ceremony. The passport was donated to the Nobel Prize Museum by John Northrop’s family in 2009.
• Inkstand
  This inkstand belonged to John Northrop.It includes an inkwell, which was used to store ink during writing with a quill or dip pen. The inkstand was donated to the Nobel Prize Museum by the Northrop family in 2009.
• Microscope
  This microscope belonged to John Northrop. It was made by the distinguished microscope maker Joseph Zentmayer in Philadelphia. The microscope was donated to the Nobel Prize Museum by the Northrop family in 2009.
• Pocket field microscope
  This small microscope belonged to John Northrop. who probably used it when he was young. Northrop spent his entire life dedicated to chemistry, in which he made ground-breaking discoveries on proteins.
• Microscope
  This microscope, which belonged to John Northrop, was made by the distinguished microscope maker Joseph Zentmayer in Philadelphia. This model was patented in 1876. Northrop was born in 1891 and was likely given the microscopes when he was young. Perhaps he inherited it from his father, a zoologist who died tragically in an explosion two weeks before his son’s birth. John Northrop dedicated his entire life to chemistry, making ground-breaking discoveries on proteins. The microscopes were donated to the Nobel Prize Museum by the Northrop family in 2009.
• Control panel
  This electronic control panel was used by Wolfgang Ketterle in experiments to create “Bose-Einstein condensates”. The electronic control panel was built by the researchers themselves. It was installed between the experimental apparatus and a computer to protect against water failure in the cooling of the coils in the apparatus. Wolfgang Ketterle donated the equipment to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2001.
• Atomic beam shutter
  This atomic beam shutter in two parts was used by Wolfgang Ketterle to create “Bose-Einstein condensates” in experiments in 1994–2001 . Wolfgang Ketterle donated the atomic beam shutter to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2001.
• Coil
  This coil was used in Wolfgang Ketterle's experiments in 1996 to create “Bose-Einstein condensates”. The material called that keeps the coil together is epoxy. The coil was cooled by water through the tubes. Wolfgang Ketterle donated the coil to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2001.
• Reproduktion av utdelningsstämpel
  Under flera decennier syntes på många svenska kuvert en scen ur Selma Lagerlöfs bok Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige. Med träffsäker symbolik fungerade bilden som stämpel på försändelser på väg till mottagare i landets olika delar. Bilden togs fram av reklamkonstnären Bengt Mellberg 1969 och detta är en reproduktion från originalet. Bilden fungerade som utdelningsstämpel för masskorsband, en form av massförsändelser som tidigare användes. Avsändaren avtalade med Posten ett rabatterat pris och försändelserna behövde ej frankeras. Förlagor för stämpeln lämnades i stället ut till tryckerier och stämpeln trycktes direkt på försändelser som skickades ut till många adressater. Hur många försändelser som stämpeln tryckts på går inte att säga exakt, men det kan röra sig om sex miljarder. Bilden donerades till Nobelprismuseet av Bengt Mellberg 2001.
• Phonograph record with nerve impulses in a cat
  These records are from the Swedish neurophysiologist Yngve Zotterman’s experiments confirming the theories of the medicine laureate Corneille Heymans. Nerve impulses are weak electrical currents that can be converted into sound. The recordings document nerve signals from the carotid sinus (a bulge in the carotid artery on the neck) of cats at different blood oxygen levels. Heymans’s research focused on the carotid sinus and how it regulates breathing, and Zotterman’s results further corroborated his hypotheses. In 1939, when Heymans was awarded the 1938 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, the Second World War had just started, and the Nobel Prize laureates were unable to visit Stockholm. In a lecture on Swedish Radio, Zotterman used his own recording of nerve impulses in his presentation of Heymans’s research. He informed Heymans of the broadcast times, so he could listen to the presentation. Heymans understood the lecture even though it was in Swedish, and asked if he could have the recordings. This was probably when Zotterman added the descriptions in English which can be heard on these records. Heymans used them in his lectures for many years. When they were worn out, he asked Zotterman to send him new ones. The records were donated to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2001.
• Doctoral thesis
  In his doctoral thesis from 1884, Svante Arrhenius presented a revolutionary theory on how salts, when dissolved in water, divide into electrically charged ions. At Uppsala University, his ideas met with skepticism, and his dissertation was barely approved. His theory eventually became accepted and resulted in his Nobel Prize. The doctoral thesis was acquired by the Nobel Prize Museum in 2001.
• Model of a helical molecular structure
  In 1948, Linus Pauling was trying to determine the three-dimensional structure of a component found in many biologically important molecules. He found the key to the solution while recovering from a cold, when he was bored and drew the molecular chain on a piece of paper and then folded the paper into a tube. He realised that the structure was helical. It is now known as alpha helix. The model was presented to the Nobel Prize Museum by Linda Pauling Kamb in 2000.
• Model of the crystal structure of the mineral zunyite
  This model was built by Ava Helen and Linus Pauling in the 1930s. It represents the crystal structure of the mineral zunyite, one of the many structures Linus Pauling discovered. The model was presented to the Nobel Prize Museum by Linda Pauling Kamb in 2000.
• Beret
  Linus Pauling often wore a beret. With this artistic headgear, he demonstrated his radical standpoint during the Cold War in the USA. After the atom bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, the chemist Pauling engaged in the fight against nuclear weapons. His activism led to accusations of communist sympathies, and his passport was revoked. The beret was presented to the Nobel Prize Museum by Linda Pauling Kamb in 2000.
• Mould
  This dish contains mould from the Penicillium family. It was cultivated from the mould discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928 in a dish that had been left standing in his laboratory. He noted that the mould had inhibited growth of the bacteria that the dish had been used for. It turned out that the mould had formed a substance, penicillin, which was later used in treatments for bacterial infections. Ernst Boris Chain, Howard Florey and their colleagues succeeded in the early 1940s to produce penicillin in pure form and investigate its properties in greater detail. Additional efforts led to a drug that could be produced in large quantities. A penicillium culture was given in 2001 to the Nobel Prize Museum by the Alexander Fleming Laboratory Museum at St Mary's Hospital in London. The culture is kept at the Karolinska Institutet, which regularly supplies the Nobel Prize Museum with a new dish of Penicillium culture.