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Items

• Docka
  This doll was given to Narges Mohammadi by a women, who was her cellmate between 2015 and 2017. The woman was a member of a spiritual group led by her husband. The husband treated her badly, and she was followed by the regime’s security service. Her husband was arrested and executed. She was also sentenced to death. In 2017, she was transferred to another prison where she spent months in solitary confinement and was badly injured. She sent this doll to Narges Mohammadi with the help of another prisoner who was being transferred: “Every time I saw this suspended doll, I was reminded of my dear cellmate, who was suspended under the patriarchal religious tyranny at home, in society, and in prison, awaiting her death sentence.” Narges Mohammadi donated the doll to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2023.
• Pappersfågel
  This paper bird is a birthday present to Narges Mohammadi from her fellow prisoner Nazanin Zagari, who made it together with her daughter, Gisu, in the visitor’s room in 2018. At the time, Zagari had been in prison for just over two years and each Monday Gisu would visit together with her grandmother. When Mohammadi was transferred to the prison in Zanjan, her mementos remained in Evin Prison. After she was released in 2020, she was surprised to be given these back, when another prisoner on leave was allowed to bring them to her. Narges Mohammadi donated the paper bird to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2023.
• Glasses strap
  Narges Mohammadi’s fellow prisoner Golrokh Iraee made Mohammadi this strap for her glasses in 2017. Mohammadi would hide her glasses in different places since she lacked a strap to hold them around her neck. Iraee made the strap from a piece of leather that was left over from her work. The strap wasn’t long enough to reach around her frizzy hair and hung from her hair instead of her neck. Her fellow prisoners thought it humorous and one, Atena Daemi, would imitate Mohammadi often. Narges Mohammadi donated the glasses strap to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2023.
• Manuskript
  Anteckningsböckerna innehåller det första utkastet till en ännu inte utgiven roman med titeln "Vaim" av Jon Fosse. Titeln är ett fiktivt ortsnamn och boken är planerad att ges ut 2025. I början av sitt författarskap skrev Fosse sina manuskript på skrivmaskin, men han har sedan övergått till att först skriva hela boken för hand med bläck med olika färger och därefter skriva in och bearbeta manuskriptet på dator. Manuskriptet till Vaim är nu inskrivet på dator och Fosse har därför kunnat donera anteckningsböckerna till Nobelprismuseet. Jon Fosse donerade manuskriptet till Nobelprismuseet 2023.
• Pipett
  Katalin Karikó believes that she has been her most used tool in her research career. It is used to draw small amounts of liquids. This particular pipette, marked with a piece of tape, is her favourite. She used it for about 10 years from the early 2000s. She sees it as a symbol of her research findings that set the stage for the mRNA vaccine. Katalin Karikó donated the pipette to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2023.
• Kopia av kopieringsmaskin
  Drew Weissman’s and Katalin Karikó’s collaboration began at a copying machine. They were both avid readers of scientific articles that they photocopied from journals. Weissman was researching immunology and Karikó mRNA, but since there was only one copying machine, it became their meeting point and where they began discussing their research. These discussions led to a collaboration that laid the groundwork for mRNA vaccines. Weissman had this 3D printed copy of a copying machine made to celebrate the inspiration of their collaboration. Drew Weissman donated the copying machine to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2023.
• Räknesticka
  Louis Brus purchased this slide rule during his studies at Rice University in Houston, Texas in the early 1960s. Later, he replaced the slide rule with pocket calculators and computers. Louis Brus donated the slide rule to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2023.
• Prov
  Provet togs fram i Muongi Bawendis forskning om kvantprickar under det tidiga 1990-talet. Bawendi experimenterade med att injicera olika ämnen i olika lösningsmedel för att få små kristaller av halvledarmaterial, kvantprickar, att bildas. Provet består av små kristaller infattade i ett plastmaterial. Bawendi har sparat sina prover i ett eget litet museum, men valt att överlåta detta prov till Nobelprismuseet. Muongi Bawendi donerade provet till Nobelprismuseet 2023.
• Fördröjningsplattor
  Glasplattorna är kopior av plattor som Pierre Agostini använde när han först lyckades skapa mycket korta pulser av laserljus. Plattorna användes för ett avgörande steg i experimentet: för att fördröja en del av en laserstråle. Plattorna är precis lika tjocka eftersom den ena plattan är utskuren ur den andra. Genom att placera plattorna på lämpligt sätt, dela upp en laserstråle i två delar och låta dem passera genom varsin platta kunde den ena delen fördröjas i förhållande till den andra med hög precision. Agostinis experiment handlade om att utnyttja övertoner i laserljusets vågor för att skapa och undersöka ett tåg av ljuspulser efter varandra. Genom att lägga ihop pulståget med en fördröjd del av den ursprungliga laserpulsen kunde de undersöka hur övertonerna var i fas med varandra. Pierre Agostini donerade fördröjningsplattorna till Nobelprismuseet 2023.
• Instrument
  These instruments were used by Anne L’Huillier in her early research on laser harmonics. A laser beam was created using the rod, which consists of glass with a layer of neodymium atoms. The metal parts were used to create a gas stream of noble atoms that the laser beam passed through. This created the laser harmonics. The shiny metal plate is a diffraction grating. The reflecting surface has many microscopic slits that split the light into wavelengths. This allows the study of how the light’s different wavelengths are composed. Laser harmonics allows the creation of laser pulses that are so short that they are measured in attoseconds. Anne L'Huillier donated the instruments to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2023.
• Exemplar av tidskriften Die Waffen nieder!
  Detta exemplar av tidskriften Die Waffen nieder! ingick i Alfred Nobels bibliotek. Tidskriften gavs ut 1892–1899 med Bertha von Suttner som redaktör. Tidskriften är uppkallad efter Suttners roman med samma namn som hade kommit ut 1889.
• Brev
  I ett brev från 1919 ger Selma Lagerlöf sitt omdöme om en samling dikter som 20-årige Gunnar Lundh skickat till henne. Selma Lagerlöf var när brevet skrevs en mycket välkänd och älskad författare i dåtidens Sverige. Hon var dessutom Nobelpristagare i litteratur och ledamot i Svenska Akademien. Det var inte ovanligt att människor som gjorde egna litterära försök hörde av sig till henne för att få ta del av hennes uppfattning. Lagerlöfs svar till Lundh var vänligt och uppmuntrande: ”Med det uttryckliga förbehållet att mitt omdöme om den lilla diktboken inte användes som reklam eller offentliggöres, vill jag gärna säga min mening om den. Det förekommer mig att Ni har en stor förmåga att i den kortfattade form Ni valt fått in ett poetiskt innehåll med en god och litet överraskande udd på slutet, såsom det bör vara i epigrammet. I vad mån ni står på självständig grund vågar jag inte döma om, men gör ni det så bör Ni komma att skänka oss många vackra saker.” Gunnar Lundh blev aldrig någon känd författare. Däremot blev han en framstående fotograf. Mest känd blev han kanske för de bilder som publicerades i samband med författaren Ivar Lo-Johanssons reportageresor om statarnas liv i Sverige under 1930- och 1940-talen. Brevet förvärvades av Nobelprismuseet 2024.
• Räknesticka
  William Phillips fick denna räknesticka 1963, strax innan han fyllde 15 år och skulle börja läsa fysik i high school. Han använde räknestickan för beräkningar vid läxor och prov, där den var ett tillåtet hjälpmedel. Han minns ett tillfälle när han räknat fel på en uppgift trots att han förstått den korrekt. Han hade adderat fel och sade till läraren att han hade förlitat sig på räknestickan men att denna inte klarade addition, utan bara multiplikation och division. Läraren uppmanade honom att försöka konstruera en räknesticka som kunde göra additioner. Detta fick Phillips att fundera över hur räknestickan fungerar. Den fungerar för multiplikationer genom att skalan är logaritmisk, men om skalan byts till en linjär skulle den fungera för additioner. Han presenterade idén för läraren. Idén kom aldrig till användning i praktiken, men den gjorde gott intryck på läraren. När Phillips började sina universitetsstudier skaffade han en mer avancerad räknesticka och hade även tillgång till större mekaniska och så småningom en elektrisk räknemaskin. När sedan miniräknare kom förändrades möjligheterna helt. William Phillips donerade räknestickan till Nobelprismuseet 2024.
• Stoppur
  När William Phillips var elva år gammal fick han detta stoppur av sina föräldrar. Han hade önskat sig det för att kunna göra enkla experiment. Han mätte bland annat tiden det tog för pendlar och gungor att svänga och olika föremål att falla till marken. Han använde också stoppuret för tidtagning vid löpning. Som fysiker skulle Phillips senare utveckla metoder att kyla atomer med laserljus. Metoderna möjliggjorde ännu mer noggranna atomklockor. Felet hos sådana motsvarar en sekund på 300 miljoner år. William Phillips donerade stoppuret till Nobelprismuseet 2024.
• Pimpelspö
  Fiskespöet, som är avsett för fiske på is under vintertid, har tillhört Aleksej Jekimov. Fiske är ett av Jekimovs stora intressen i livet. Aleksej Jekimov donerade fiskespöet till Nobelprismuseet 2024.
• Manifest
  I detta manifest från oktober 1915 uppmanar kvinnor från olika länder för omedelbara fredsförhandlingar i det pågående första världskriget. Bland de fem undertecknarna återfinns två blivande fredspristagare: Jane Addams och Emily Greene Balch. Manifestet har sitt ursprung i den internationella kvinnokongressen i Haag 1915. Kongressen hade fler än 1 100 deltagare och ledde till bildandet av Internationella kvinnoförbundet för fred och frihet med Jane Addams som första ordförande. I manifestet beskrivs hur delegationer efter kongressen besökte 14 huvudstäder i krigförande och neutrala länder för att försöka få fredsförhandlingar till stånd. "Som kvinnor var det möjligt för oss, som kom från både krigförande och neutrala nationer, att mötas mitt under pågående krig och få till stånd ett utbyte av frågor och svar mellan huvudstäder som var blockerade för varandra." Manifestet underströk att även länder som stod utanför kriget hade ett ansvar: "Den olidliga ansvarsbördan för det hopplösa fortsättandet av detta krig vilar inte längre enbart på viljan hos de krigförande nationerna. Den vilar också på viljan hos de neutrala regeringar och människor som har besparats krigets dråpslag. Även om de vill så kan de inte befria sig från sin del av ansvaret för att kriget fortsätter." Manifestet införskaffades av Nobelprismuseet 2024.
• Säck och kort
  En säck för vete och ett kort för matransoner berättar om hur FN:s World Food Programme hjälper människor som lider brist på mat på grund av krig, konflikter eller andra nödlägen. Säcken är märkt för vete som skördades i Ukraina 2020. Den symboliserar det traditionella sättet att ge hjälp genom att dela ut matransoner. Kortet är ett nyare sätt att ge behövande möjlighet att få mat. Det fungerar som en voucher eller stämpelkort som kan användas för att betala mat i en butik eller på en marknad. Detta stärker mottagarnas självständighet och värdighet, samtidigt som det stödjer lokala samhällen och marknader. Korten delas oftast ut till kvinnor som har ansvar för barnen i familjerna som behöver hjälp. Säcken och kortet överlämnades till Nobelprismuseet då WFP:s verkställande direktör Cindy McCain besökte museet 2024.
• Nansenpass utfärdat 1933
  Detta Nansenpass utfärdades i Tyskland 1933 för en kvinna född i Ryssland. Nansen-passen, som tillkom efter en idé av Fridtjof Nansen, gav under 1920- och 1930-talet många flyktingar en möjlighet att resa. Efter första världskriget rådde på flera håll i Europa kaotiska förhållanden. Gränser mellan nationer flyttades och hundratusentals människor var på flykt. De flesta av dem var ryssar som blivit statslösa och inte kunde få pass för att resa. På uppdrag av Nationernas Förbund förhandlade Nansen med olika parter och lyckades få gehör för en idé om att särskilda pass skulle utfärdas. Nansenpassen vann brett internationellt erkännande. Detta Nansenpass köptes av Nobelprismuseet 2024.
• Nansenpass utfärdat 1923
  This passport was issued in Latvia in 1923 to a young woman born in Russia. The Nansen passports, created according to an idea by Fridtjof Nansen, enabled many refugees in the 1920s and 1930s to travel. After the First World War, conditions were chaotic in many places in Europe. National borders were redrawn and hundreds of thousands of people were displaced. Most of them were Russians who had become stateless and could not obtain passports to travel. Nansen was assigned by the League of Nations to negotiate with the various parties and promoted his idea for special passports to be issued. The Nansen passports were largely recognised internationally. This Nansen passport was acquired by the Nobel Prize Museum in 2024.
• Sten
  Denna sten var av stor betydelse för José Saramago. Han hittade stenen, som är av vulkaniskt ursprung, på Lanzarote där han bodde. Saramago såg en symbolisk mening i den. Han menade att fram till boken Blindheten hade han bildligt talat försökt beskriva människor som statyer, men därefter intresserade han sig mer för stenen, materialet som statyerna består av. Stenen donerades till Nobelprismuseet av José Saramago-stiftelsen och Pilar del Río 2024.
• Nycklar
  Denna samling nycklar hade Eyvind Johnson liggande i ett kuvert i en skrivbordslåda. Där låg de kvar när han gick bort och bevarades därefter av hans familj. Hans dotter Maria Ekman har skrivit så här om nycklarna: ”Ingen har förstås vetat på evigheter vart de gick - de var helt enkelt kvar som avlagringar av tidigare faser i Eyvinds liv. (Alla har vi väl kvar en och annan gammal nyckelknippa som ännu inte har blivit utsorterad...) I familjen gick de under namnet "Krilons nycklar" efter det långa avsnitt i _Krilon Själv_, sista delen i Krilon-trilogin, som heter just "Johannes Krilons nycklar" och där Krilon sitter och begrundar sitt liv med utgångspunkt i ett skrin med gamla nycklar. Nu låg ju låg Eyvinds nycklar visserligen inte i något skrin. När jag väl tog hand om dem låg de helt prosaiskt i ett kuvert från Kungliga Biblioteket poststämplat 1966 och adresserat till Herr Doktor Eyvind Johnson. Och just de här nycklarna är ju faktiskt inte Krilons på riktigt, utan Eyvinds. En tanke med den här nyckelanhopningen med sin verklighet och sin samtidiga s.a.s. fiktiva Krilon-anknytning är att Krilon-trilogin ligger ungefär mitt i författarskapet, efter bland annat en rad självbiografiska böcker och före sviten av historiska romaner, och därmed pekar både framåt och bakåt i det långa författarskapet.” Nycklarna donerades till Nobelprismuseet av Eyvind Johnsons efterlevande 2024.
• Walking stick
  This walking stick was used by Mikhail Gorbachev in his later years. After his death, Dmitry Muratov received it as a gift from Gorbachev's daughter Irina Virganskaya. Gorbachev had helped finance the founding of the newspaper Novaya Gazeta, which under Muratov's editorship engaged in critical investigative journalism. Muratov remembers how Gorbachev once in a restaurant pounded the table with his stick and said: "First of all, listen to my UN speech!" He picked up a sheet and read: "BAN THE WAR." Muratov asked: "Was that all?" Gorbachev replied: "Is there anything to add?" And pounded the table once more with his stick. Dmitry Muratov donated the walking stick to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2023.
• Doctor's bag
  This doctor’s bag was used by Harvey Alter during his last year of training to become a doctor. He studied at the University of Rochester and did his final internship at Strong Memorial Hospital in the early 1960s. Alter later did groundbreaking research in virology and discovered the previously unknown hepatitis C virus. Harvey Alter donated the doctor’s bag to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2023.
• Postcard
  On Christmas 2022, the Belarusian human rights activist Ales Bialiatski sent this card to his colleague Ales Kapucki. The blue stamp shows that the card was sent from the pre-detention centre SIZO No. 1 in Minsk, where Bialiatski was detained at the time. The greeting reads: “Dear Ales! I congratulate you on the feast of the birth of God! Merry Christmas and Happy New Year! I wish you all the best! May dreams come true! Ales Bialiatski, 28 December 2022.” Bialiatski had been detained in 2021, accused of tax evasion. He was in prison when it was announced in October 2022 that he had been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. In 2023, he was sentenced to ten years in prison for smuggling and financing political protests. The postcard was donated to the Nobel Prize Museum by Ales Kapucki in 2022.
• Chain
  This chain has been used in various activities carried out by the Center for Civil Liberties (CCL) since 2014 in response to Russia’s arrests of human rights activists in Crimea. One example is the #SaveOlegSentsov campaign, which gathered thousands of people from 40 countries to demonstrate against the illegal imprisonment of Ukrainian film director Oleg Sentsov and other political prisoners. In the end, 34 people were released, and one of them was Sentsov. The campaign appealed for support from the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and was also a reminder that political prisoners are still being held in Russia. CCL donated the chain to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2023.
• Suitcase
  When Nelly Sachs arrived in Sweden in 1940, she had this suitcase with her. It contained only what she could carry when she escaped from Berlin with her mother on one of the last civilian flights during the Second World War. As a Jew, she had been persecuted by the Nazis and realised her life was in danger. The escape was made possible through the concerted efforts of friends. One of the friends who vouched for Nelly Sachs and her mother was Selma Lagerlöf. In her youth, Sachs had been fascinated by Lagerlöf’s stories and had corresponded with her. Nelly Sachs also became a writer. and her poetry and plays often centred on the fate of the Jewish people. Nelly Sachs gave the suitcase to her friend and translator Margaretha Holmqvist. In 2010, Holmqvist gave it to the author Aris Fioretos, to be included in a major exhibition on Sachs’s life and work in Germany, Switzerland and Stockholm. In 2023, Fioretos donated it to the Nobel Prize Museum.
• CD record
  In the four years it took her to write the poems in Averno, Louise Glück listened intensely to this CD of Gustav Mahler. She described how important music was to her writing in a letter sent to the Nobel Prize Museum in connection with her donation of the CD: “For most of my life, the writing of a book has been preceded (often by several years) by obsessive listening to a particular piece of music. I say the writing of a book as though there were a matter of steady application toward a calculated end. But in my experience, writing is erratic, a kind of possessed fluency alternating with a steady silence. Only the music is both inspired and steady; it seems to me my poems emerge from it. During the four years in which AVERNO was written, this is what I listened to. A few readers who knew nothing of my writerly habits heard Mahler, especially in 'October' – a tribute, I think, to the music’s haunted strangeness.” Louise Glück donated the CD to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2023.
• White coat and instruments
  To Denis Mukwege, a white coat and five instruments for medical examinations represent his work to help women who are victims of sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo. School children often ask Denis Mukwege what it takes to get the Nobel Peace Prize. He usually gives a concrete example by telling them about his work as a doctor. With the same end in mind, he gave these gifts to the Nobel Prize Museum: a white coat a blood pressure machine a stethoscope used for listening to the heart and lungs and other organs a trumpet-shaped wood stethoscope for listening to the heartbeat of a foetus a depressor and a speculum, two instruments used for gynaecological examinations With these instruments, and empathy and passion, Mukwege has helped women who were victims of sexual violence. He works at the Panzi Hospital in his hometown Bukavu in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Internationally, he is deeply committed to the fight against the use of sexual violence in wars and other conflicts. Denis Mukwege donated the white coat and the instruments to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2023.
• Model of Cas9
  This is a model of the protein Cas9, which plays a key role in CRISPR/Cas9, a powerful and precise method for altering the genome of organisms. The model was used by Jennifer Doudna, one of the scientists behind CRISPR/Cas9. Jennifer Doudna donated the model to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2022.
• Oversized shoelaces
  Shoelaces with little caps at the end that stops them from fraying. Elizabeth Blackburn has compared this to the purpose of the telomeres, which she studied. In her lectures, she used these large shoelaces to illustrate this. The telomeres are the end bits in the chromosomal DNA molecules. They are shaped to partly protect the chromosomes, but the telomeres shorten slightly with every cell division. Elizabeth Blackburn donated the shoelaces to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2022.
• Circuit board
  This circuit board is the floating point unit of the APE (Array Processor Experiment) computer, which was built in Rome, Italy, in 1985–1987. It was important for the extensive calculation needed in Giorgio Parisi's research on complex systems. Giorgio Parisi donated the circuit board to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2022.
• Drawing
  This copy of a drawing was donated to the Nobel Prize Museum by the human rights organisation Memorial, which is dedicated to collecting, preserving and publishing material on oppression during the Soviet Union’s totalitarian regime. The drawing “The Crow” was made by the Russian artist Boris Sveshnikov in a prison camp in 1949–1950. In 1946, when Sveshnikov was a 19-year-old art student, he was sentenced to eight years in prison for anti-Soviet propaganda. He served his sentence in the labour camp Ukho-Izhemsky in the Komi Republic in northern Russia. The drawing includes both realistic and dream-like elements. For Memorial, it tells of the destruction of life and talent. It symbolises loneliness, injustice and lack of freedom, while also expressing hope. Memorial donated the copy of the drawing to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2023.
• Egg and glass
  When Charles Rice turned 60, he received this egg from his mentor Dennis Barrett, who had painted it. The egg came in a protective glass. Rice met Barrett in 1970. Barrett sparked Rice’s interest in virology and became his mentor and friend. For Rice, the egg symbolises that a chance meeting can lead to new directions in life. He also wants to emphasise the importance of having a supportive mentor. Charles Rice donated the egg and the glass to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2022.
• Artificial sweetener and acetone
  I dessa alldagliga kemiska produkter finns ingredienserna till en banbrytande kemisk innovation. Paketet innehåller ett sötningsmedel där aminosyran fenylalanin ingår. Flaskan innehåller aceton, som bland annat används som färgborttagningsmedel. David MacMillans forskargrupp kombinerade dessa två molekyler till det första exemplet på en ny typ av katalysator: en organokatalysator. Två vanliga, billiga och hållbara ämnen kunde alltså kombineras till en katalysator som kan driva fram en mångfald av olika kemiska reaktioner. David MacMillan donerade kemikalierna till Nobelprismuseet 2022.
• Mascot
  This cap for a gas tube served as a mascot for David MacMillan’s research team. They called the mascot Nabo. MacMillan is not particularly fond of Nabo, but his colleagues loved sneaking him into various contexts. For example, he appeared at MacMillan’s Nobel Prize lecture. Nabo represents MacMillan’s warm relationship to his many colleagues. But now, Nabo has joined the Nobel Prize Museum’s collection. David MacMillan donated the mascot to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2020.
• Dietary supplements
  Benjamin List bought this jar of dietary supplements while conducting his Nobel Prize-awarded research. The supplements contain the substance proline, which plays a key role in List’s discovery. Proline serves as a catalyst for building molecules. List tested using it to build a molecule that occurs in two mirrored forms and discovered that only one form arose nearly every time. This is very useful when manufacturing pharmaceuticals. Benjamin List donated the dietary supplements to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2022.
• Magnetic tape and notes
  This magnetic tape contains the first collection of measurements from Andrea Ghez’s research on a super massive black hole at the centre of our Milky Way galaxy. Ghez had to struggle to receive resources and access to the Keck Observatory in Hawaii to conduct the project. When the measurement data arrived, it provided surprisingly clear answers. The notes from the observations include the comment “Holy shit!”. The research, however, has taken a long time, around 30 years, and during that time technology has advanced immensely. Not only was collecting data important but also preserving the data. The magnetic tape symbolises this as well. Andrea Ghez donated the to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2022.
• Optical equipment
  This glass object is part of an advanced optical apparatus that was decisive in Reinhard Genzel’s research on a super massive black hole at the centre of our galaxy. He used a method called Integral Field Spectroscopy to combine image analysis with spectroscopy. This part of the apparatus, a 3D Slicer, was used in one step of his studies. Highly simplified, the experiment deals with capturing light beams, splitting the beams into different wavelengths and then interpreting the data. Reinhard Genzel donated the optical equipment to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2022.
• Test tube rack
  This test tube rack has a special place in Emmanuelle Charpentier’s heart. She first used it while on a postdoc at Rockefeller University in New York. To ensure no one took her rack, she labelled it with her nickname: “Manue C”. For Charpentier, the test tube rack symbolises her time as a microbiologist and reminds her of doctoral student days at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, where they had similar racks, and in New York. She saw a similar test tube rack in a museum in Berlin that had been used by Nobel Prize laureate Robert Koch and thought her rack might also one day belong in a museum. Compared to modern test tube racks made of plastic, this older rack is wooden. It was also used as a pen holder. Emmanuelle Charpentier donated the test tube rack to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2020.
• Textbook and peanut butter
  This textbook in organic chemistry was decisive in leading Carolyn Bertozzi to become a chemistry researcher. She was originally set on studying medicine. Her medical studies included a course in organic chemistry with this textbook,sparking her interest in the subject. The book became her best friend, she changed her major to chemistry and went on to research in the field. The jar contains Bertozzi’s favourite peanut butter. She eats peanut butter more than any other food. It is a source of energy and helps her think. Carolyn Bertozzi donated the textbook and peanut butter to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2022.
• Multiple column
  This “multiple column” played a critical role in the experiments developed by Morten Meldal in click chemistry, which involves joining molecules. Meldal invented the multiple column to mix different substances in serial experiments. Small test tubes are placed over the wells of the multiple column. When turned upside down, the contents of the wells empty into the test tubes. The contents can then be mixed and split. This is the first multiple column, which Meldal made in a neighbour’s garage in 1987. The multiple column has since been refined. Morten Meldal donated the multiple column to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2022.
• Copper balls
  These copper balls represent Barry Sharpless’s passion for chemistry. The element copper is particularly dear to him. The pure metal has a beautiful colour and sheen, and copper ions have a fantastic ability to drive chemical reactions. This characteristic of being a catalyst plays an important part in his research on how molecules can be joined effectively. Barry Sharpless donated the copper balls to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2022.
• Experiment apparatus
  This apparatus was used to produce entangled photons in Anton Zeilinger’s experiment on quantum entanglement. A crystal for down conversion is in the round hole. This was used to produce photon pairs from a beam of photons. The larger metal tube is a Pockels cell used to change the polarisation of the light passing through the tube. It was used in experiments in the late 1990s. The smaller tube is a newer type of Pockels cell. More specifically, Zeilinger’s experiment was about how unknown quantum states can be transferred from one particle to another: quantum teleportation. Anton Zeilinger donated the apparatus to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2022.
• Optical switch
  The metal box is an optical switch and was the crucial component in Alain Aspect’s experiment on the phenomenon of quantum entanglement in the early 1980s. The experiment was to create entangled photons. When Aspect was planning to conduct the experiment, he could not find a company that could deliver an optical switch with the right specifications. So, he was forced to build this switch. His experiment confirmed that quantum entanglement is a real phenomenon. Alain Aspect donated the optical switch to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2022.
• Glass tube and publication
  This glass tube was an important part of the apparatus for John Clauser’s experiment on quantum entanglement. Clauser made pioneering contributions to prove that quantum entanglement is a real phenomenon. He made the actual tube and used it to produce entangled photons in experiments in 1974 and 1976. The publication next to the test tube describes experiments and findings. Quantum entanglement is one of the strangest predictions of quantum physics. It means that what happens to one particle in an entangled pair determines what happens with the other particle. Even if they are separated by great distances, they can influence each other. More specifically, the 1976 experiment measures correlations for the linear polarisation of photon pairs emitted in a three-level cascade in mercury. John Clauser donated the glass tube and the publication to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2022.
• Notes
  Philip Dybvig used these notes to a piano piece by Frédéric Chopin when he was in his early teens. He appreciated Chopin for the passionate style. Dybvig feels that music, along with the games and puzzles he played as a child, are important because they develop the mind. His love of music remains strong alongside his research in economics. He still plays, especially keyboard instruments. Philip Dybvig donated the notes to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2022.
• Memoirs
  In this book, Ben Bernanke writes about his time as chairman of the US Federal Reserve. In his research, Bernanke had studied the role of the banks in the global depression of the 1930s. When the 2008 financial crisis struck, it was his job as chairman of the Fed to tackle the problem. Ben Bernanke donated the memoirs to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2022.
• Examination
  This booklet is a final examination that Douglas Diamond took as a 22-year-old student, and which came to influence his research interests. The course was based on the book A Monetary History of the United States, 1867-1960 by Milton Friedman and Anna Schwartz.The exam assignment was to write about what would have happened if interest rates in the United States had remained constant in the years 1929–1933, the early phase of the Great Depression. Diamond’s answer focused on the impact of bank bankruptcies on the economy in general. At the time, Diamond was unaware that he would later devote his research to the importance of banks in the economy. Douglas Diamond donated the examination to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2022.
• Encyclopaedia
  When Svante Pääbo began high school in 1971, his father gave him this two-volume encyclopaedia of technology and science. His father, Sune Bergström was a professor of chemistry and would later receive the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Perhaps he was disappointed that his son had chosen to study the humanities instead of the natural sciences. Could the encyclopaedia be a nice way of saying goodbye to science? But things worked out differently. Svante Pääbo returned to the sciences. Forty years after his father, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the relationship between modern humans and long-extinct hominins. Svante Pääbo donated the books to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2022.
• Alarm clock
  The passing of time is a central theme in Annie Ernaux’s writing and life. And this alarm clock is symbolic to her. This beloved treasure has also had a more concrete purpose. When she was writing her novel The Years, it was set to wake her up so she would get out of bed and keep working on her book. Annie Ernaux donated the alarm clock to the Nobel Prize Museum in 2022.